ROM stands for Read Only Memory, which is the hardware on a computer in the form of semiconductor memory chip whose contents can only be read. ROM can not be classified as RAM, although both have in common is that it can be accessed randomly (random). Different ROM to RAM. The difference between the two include:
- ROM can not be filled or write data at any time such as RAM. Charging or writing data, information, or program on the ROM requires a special process that is not as easy and as flexible way of writing on the RAM. Typically, data or programs written in the ROM is filled by the manufacturers who make them. ROM is generally used for storing firmware, which is software associated with hardware. Examples of this kind is the ROM BIOS ROM. ROM BIOS contains the basic program a computer system that serves to organize and prepare all the equipment or components of existing or installed on the computer when the computer is "turned on / turned on '.
- Information / data / programs written in the ROM (ROM content) is permanent and not easily lost and not easily changed even though the computer 'off' or are switched off (off). While at RAM, all its contents (whether it be data, programs or information) will disappear by itself if the computer 'off' (in the off state).
- ROM can store data without requiring power. That is why the data in ROM will not be lost even if the computer dies. While the RAM requires power to store the data, if the RAM is not getting power, by itself will not be able to store data. This is what causes the data contained in RAM will automatically disappear when the computer turns off (off).
- Modern ROM is often found in the form of IC (Integrated Circuit), as well as RAM yag his form most of the IC. Text or code that is written on both types of IC is different. IC ROM typically has a written code (text) 27xxx. Figures 27 shows the code for the ROM, while the ROM capacity dalan xxx menjunjukkan unit kilo bits.
ROM function
As has been previously disclosed that generally used for storing firmware ROM. On the computer, are often found to store the BIOS. When a computer is turned on, the BIOS can be directly executed quickly, without having to wait for powering the device storage media in advance as is common in storage devices other than ROM.
Generally, on the other storage media, if executed to read the contents or data, storage media must be turned on first before it is read, which of course requires some time. Things like this do not happen in the ROM.
On the computer (PC) modern BIOS is stored in ROM chips that can be electrically re-writeable known as Flash ROM. That is why the term is more popular than the flash BIOS ROM BIOS.
As has been previously disclosed that generally used for storing firmware ROM. On the computer, are often found to store the BIOS. When a computer is turned on, the BIOS can be directly executed quickly, without having to wait for powering the device storage media in advance as is common in storage devices other than ROM.
Generally, on the other storage media, if executed to read the contents or data, storage media must be turned on first before it is read, which of course requires some time. Things like this do not happen in the ROM.
On the computer (PC) modern BIOS is stored in ROM chips that can be electrically re-writeable known as Flash ROM. That is why the term is more popular than the flash BIOS ROM BIOS.
ROM Type
Until now several kinds of ROM known to have ever circulation and mounted on a computer, such as Mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EAROM, EEPROM, and Flash Memory. Here is a brief description of each type of ROM.
PROM
PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory. PROM is one type of ROMs, a form of memory storage device (memory device) that can only read its contents. PROM is classified as non-volatile memory, meaning that programs stored in it will not be lost even if the computer is turned off (do not get electric power). Program stored in it is permanent. Usually used to store machine language program that has become part of hardware (hardware) computer. An example is a program to start a new computer when the computer is turned on (on-on-right).
Existing programs in PROM filled by the manufacturer. Filling the program into the PROM using a special tool called PROM burner, or PROM Writer Program or information that has been loaded or be recorded in the PROM, can not be deleted again.
Until now several kinds of ROM known to have ever circulation and mounted on a computer, such as Mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EAROM, EEPROM, and Flash Memory. Here is a brief description of each type of ROM.
PROM
PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory. PROM is one type of ROMs, a form of memory storage device (memory device) that can only read its contents. PROM is classified as non-volatile memory, meaning that programs stored in it will not be lost even if the computer is turned off (do not get electric power). Program stored in it is permanent. Usually used to store machine language program that has become part of hardware (hardware) computer. An example is a program to start a new computer when the computer is turned on (on-on-right).
Existing programs in PROM filled by the manufacturer. Filling the program into the PROM using a special tool called PROM burner, or PROM Writer Program or information that has been loaded or be recorded in the PROM, can not be deleted again.
EPROM
EPROM Erasable Programmable stands for Read Only Memory. Different from the PROM EPROM. EPROM is a type of memory chip that can be electrically writeable program. Programs or information stored in the EPROM can be erased when exposed to ultraviolet light and re-writable. The parallels with PROM is both a type of ROM, including non-volatile memory, data stored in it can not be lost even if the computer is turned off, does not require electrical power to sustain or maintain the information or programs stored in it.
Tools that can be used to erase the contents of the chip is UV PROM EPROM eraser. This tool will emit ultraviolet light to the memory where data is stored in the EPROM chip (right at the hole illuminates clear quartz). Thus, the EPROM chip can be reused and can be filled information / new programs into it. Other information states that the tool can be used to erase the contents of the EPROM is the EPROM rewriter.
EPROM Erasable Programmable stands for Read Only Memory. Different from the PROM EPROM. EPROM is a type of memory chip that can be electrically writeable program. Programs or information stored in the EPROM can be erased when exposed to ultraviolet light and re-writable. The parallels with PROM is both a type of ROM, including non-volatile memory, data stored in it can not be lost even if the computer is turned off, does not require electrical power to sustain or maintain the information or programs stored in it.
Tools that can be used to erase the contents of the chip is UV PROM EPROM eraser. This tool will emit ultraviolet light to the memory where data is stored in the EPROM chip (right at the hole illuminates clear quartz). Thus, the EPROM chip can be reused and can be filled information / new programs into it. Other information states that the tool can be used to erase the contents of the EPROM is the EPROM rewriter.
EEPROM
EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read only memory. As with PROM and EPROM, EEPROM is a non-volatile memory. Information, data or programs stored in it will not be lost even if the computer is turned off, and do not require electrical power to sustain or maintain the information or programs stored in it.
EEPROM is a component that is widely used in computers and other electronic equipment to store configuration data on the electronic equipment. Capacity or capacity data store is very limited. On computer hardware systems, EEPROM chips are generally used to store the BIOS configuration data and settings (setting) system associated with it.
EEPROM has its own advantages compared to the EPROM. EEPROM can be erased electrically using ultraviolet light, so the removal process is faster than EPROM. Removal can also be done electrically from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software. Tools that can be used to remove the contents of the EEPROM is called EEPROM rewriter. Products EEPROM initial version, can only be removed and recharged approximately 100 times. While new products can be removed and recharged (erase-rewrite) to thousands of times (and even some mention of information capable of up to 100 thousand times)
EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read only memory. As with PROM and EPROM, EEPROM is a non-volatile memory. Information, data or programs stored in it will not be lost even if the computer is turned off, and do not require electrical power to sustain or maintain the information or programs stored in it.
EEPROM is a component that is widely used in computers and other electronic equipment to store configuration data on the electronic equipment. Capacity or capacity data store is very limited. On computer hardware systems, EEPROM chips are generally used to store the BIOS configuration data and settings (setting) system associated with it.
EEPROM has its own advantages compared to the EPROM. EEPROM can be erased electrically using ultraviolet light, so the removal process is faster than EPROM. Removal can also be done electrically from the circuit board using EEPROM Programmer software. Tools that can be used to remove the contents of the EEPROM is called EEPROM rewriter. Products EEPROM initial version, can only be removed and recharged approximately 100 times. While new products can be removed and recharged (erase-rewrite) to thousands of times (and even some mention of information capable of up to 100 thousand times)
Flash Memory
Flash memory is also known as flash memory, EEPROM is a type of memory that gives a lot of memory locations to be deleted or written in one programming operation. Flash memory can still save the data without requiring the provision of electricity. Writing to the flash memory can be performed using an instrument called EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM. While the removal of data can be done using a tool called Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using the BIOS Flash Programmer software.
This type of memory used in memory cards, USB flash drives, digital cameras, MP3 players, to mobile phones.
Flash memory is also known as flash memory, EEPROM is a type of memory that gives a lot of memory locations to be deleted or written in one programming operation. Flash memory can still save the data without requiring the provision of electricity. Writing to the flash memory can be performed using an instrument called EEPROM Writer or software that can write to Flash ROM. While the removal of data can be done using a tool called Writer EEPROM, or electrically directly from the circuit board using the BIOS Flash Programmer software.
This type of memory used in memory cards, USB flash drives, digital cameras, MP3 players, to mobile phones.
BIOS and ROM
BIOS is closely related to the ROM, because most of the BIOS contained in the computer hardware is stored in ROM, both PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash ROM, or other types of ROM. However, after 1995, EEPROM and Flash Memory is used more than other types of ROM for the BIOS contained on the second type of ROM is easily erased and written again so open up the possibility of updating the BIOS. BIOS updates are often required by computer users for several reasons, among others:
- To support the newer processors, because computer users have just to replace the old processor with a new type of processor to get better performance.
- To support the new device is paired as the old BIOS not provide support for new types of devices.
- Adanya bug yang mengganggu pada BIOS yang lama.
- Or various other reasons.
The motherboard manufacturers often provide a new BIOS version to improve their products or to get rid of the annoying bugs. The existence of bugs in the BIOS usually only known after the BIOS was released. Therefore BIOS air-bugs should be updated with a newer BIOS versions that will be the improvement of the old BIOS.
BIOS update process must be done carefully and cautiously. Update process is not functioning properly can result in no motherboard (motherboard died), because the firmware that is used to aid the boot process (BIOS) can not function. The damage is not physical damage motherboard components, but the damage to the BIOS software (firmware) which is in EEPROM or Flash Memory.
Most BIOS at this point, has a region (location) in the EEPROM or Flash Memory, known as the Boot Block is deliberately 'protected' and can not be upgraded. When the computer is turned on, the Boot Block is always executed first. Code from the Boot Block will verify the BIOS to see if the BIOS in a normal condition or damaged. If the BIOS in the normal condition (not damaged), the computer immediately execute the BIOS itself. Conversely, if the BIOS was damaged, then the boot block will display a message on the screen so that computer users do programming (charging) the BIOS again using the same BIOS version, or to update the BIOS version is better. BIOS program that is used to update normally stored on the disk, in which programmers saved memory and flash BIOS image.
BIOS update process must be done carefully and cautiously. Update process is not functioning properly can result in no motherboard (motherboard died), because the firmware that is used to aid the boot process (BIOS) can not function. The damage is not physical damage motherboard components, but the damage to the BIOS software (firmware) which is in EEPROM or Flash Memory.
Most BIOS at this point, has a region (location) in the EEPROM or Flash Memory, known as the Boot Block is deliberately 'protected' and can not be upgraded. When the computer is turned on, the Boot Block is always executed first. Code from the Boot Block will verify the BIOS to see if the BIOS in a normal condition or damaged. If the BIOS in the normal condition (not damaged), the computer immediately execute the BIOS itself. Conversely, if the BIOS was damaged, then the boot block will display a message on the screen so that computer users do programming (charging) the BIOS again using the same BIOS version, or to update the BIOS version is better. BIOS program that is used to update normally stored on the disk, in which programmers saved memory and flash BIOS image.
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